HGUC has a high rate of recurrence. True or False.

• A. False
• B. Not sure
• C. True
• D. Always

Answer: (C)

High-grade urothelial carcinoma tends to recur because its aggressive biology often leaves behind microscopic disease and the urothelium has a field-effect that can give rise to new tumors even after the original lesion is removed. This makes recurrences common, so the statement that HGUC has a high rate of recurrence is true. Clinically, this drives the need for close surveillance (frequent cystoscopy and cytology) and often adjunctive intravesical therapy to reduce the risk of recurrence. It’s not accurate to say it’s always the case for every patient, and it’s not incorrect to say the data support a high recurrence tendency, so the best choice reflects that reality.