Certification is defined as the recognition by a non-governmental agency that an individual has demonstrated competency in predetermined qualifications.

• A. A government body that grants licenses
• B. A non-governmental agency/organization recognizing competency in predetermined qualifications
• C. An organization that accredits programs
• D. A professional association issuing credentials

Answer: (B)

Certification is a credential issued by a non-governmental organization after an individual demonstrates that they meet defined skills or knowledge standards. The key idea is independent verification of competency by a body that is not part of the government, against predetermined qualifications. This sets it apart from licensing, which is typically government-granted to authorize practice in a regulated field. It also differs from program accreditation, which evaluates the quality of a training program or institution rather than an individual’s abilities. While professional associations may issue various credentials, certification specifically denotes non-governmental verification of demonstrated competency to meet established criteria.